Beef cattle have been bred and selected primarily for the production of meat, and many breeds have been developed or adapted for special conditions.These cattle are typically smaller than most beef breeds and produce less milk than most dairy breeds. They include the Milking Shorthorn, Red Dane, Red Polled, Dexter and Pinzgauer. Dual-purpose cattle are breeds selected for both meat and milk production.This may explain why a cow can be startled when approached, even if you have been in its field of vision for some time. This means that, while a cow might be able to see you standing at its side, it cannot necessarily judge how close or far away you actually are. Their depth perception, however, is only focused in a small forward view. Unlike humans, cattle have panoramic vision, which means they can see almost all the way around themselves without moving their heads. Both male and female wild cattle species have horns, and the bull's horns are larger and thicker than the cow's. Breeds can be polled (genetically hornless) or horned. In most species, the bull is much larger than the cow. A heifer is a female that has not yet had a calf, and a cow is a female that has had at least one calf. Bulls are intact male cattle of any age, while the term steer refers to castrated male cattle. Calves are cattle of either sex that are 1 year old or younger. These terms refer to an animal's sex, age and reproductive status. They are also called Zebu or "eared" breeds.Īn individual may be referred to as a bull, cow, heifer, steer or calf. The humped cattle of tropical countries, such as Brahman and Africander, belong to the indicus species. All British and European cattle breeds, such as Angus, Hereford, Holstein, Shorthorn and Simmental, belong to the taurus species. Domestic cattle belong to the genus Bos and the species taurus and indicus.
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